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NAME | DESCRIPTION | POLICIES | HISTORY | LIMITING THE USE OF SPECIFIC SYSFS ATTRIBUTES | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | NOTES | COLOPHON |
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SYSTEMD....NG-SCHEME(7) systemd.net-naming-schemeSYSTEMD....NG-SCHEME(7)
systemd.net-naming-scheme - Network device naming schemes
Network interfaces names and MAC addresses may be generated based
on certain stable interface attributes. This is possible when
there is enough information about the device to generate those
attributes and the use of this information is configured. This
page describes interface naming, i.e. what possible names may be
generated. Those names are generated by the
systemd-udevd.service(8) builtin net_id and exported as udev
properties (ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=, ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=,
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=, ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=).
Names and MAC addresses are derived from various stable device
metadata attributes. Newer versions of udev take more of these
attributes into account, improving (and thus possibly changing)
the names and addresses used for the same devices. Different
versions of those generation rules are called "naming schemes".
The default naming scheme is chosen at compilation time. Usually
this will be the latest implemented version, but it is also
possible to set one of the older versions to preserve
compatibility. This may be useful for example for distributions,
which may introduce new versions of systemd in stable releases
without changing the naming scheme. The naming scheme may also be
overridden using the net.naming_scheme= kernel command line
switch, see systemd-udevd.service(8). Available naming schemes
are described below.
After the udev properties have been generated, appropriate udev
rules may be used to actually rename devices based on those
properties. See the description of NamePolicy= and
MACAddressPolicy= in systemd.link(5).
Note that while the concept of network interface naming schemes
is primarily relevant in the context of systemd-udevd.service,
the systemd-nspawn(1) container manager also takes it into
account when naming network interfaces, see below.
All names start with a two-character prefix that signifies the
interface type.
Table 1. Two character prefixes based on the type of interface
┌────────┬───────────────────────┐
│ Prefix │ Description │
├────────┼───────────────────────┤
│ en │ Ethernet │
├────────┼───────────────────────┤
│ ib │ InfiniBand │
├────────┼───────────────────────┤
│ sl │ Serial line IP (slip) │
├────────┼───────────────────────┤
│ wl │ Wireless local area │
│ │ network (WLAN) │
├────────┼───────────────────────┤
│ ww │ Wireless wide area │
│ │ network (WWAN) │
└────────┴───────────────────────┘
The udev net_id builtin exports the following udev device
properties:
ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=prefixonumber,
ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=prefixdnumber
This name is set based on the numeric ordering information
given by the firmware for on-board devices. Different schemes
are used depending on the firmware type, as described in the
table below.
Table 2. On-board naming schemes
┌───────────────┬────────────────────────┐
│ Format │ Description │
├───────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ prefixonumber │ PCI on-board index │
├───────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ prefixdnumber │ Devicetree alias index │
└───────────────┴────────────────────────┘
Added in version 243.
ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=prefix label
This property is set based on textual label given by the
firmware for on-board devices. The name consists of the
prefix concatenated with the label. This is only available
for PCI devices.
Added in version 243.
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=prefixxAABBCCDDEEFF
This name consists of the prefix, letter x, and 12
hexadecimal digits of the MAC address. It is available if the
device has a fixed MAC address. Because this name is based on
an attribute of the card itself, it remains "stable" when the
device is moved (even between machines), but will change when
the hardware is replaced.
Added in version 243.
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port],
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefixvslot, ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefixxslot,
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port]bnumber,
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port]uport...[cconfig][iinterface],
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port]vslot,
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port]rslot
This property describes the slot position. Different schemes
are used depending on the bus type, as described in the table
below. In case of USB, BCMA, and SR-VIO devices, the full
name consists of the prefix, PCI slot identifier, and USB or
BCMA or SR-VIO slot identifier. The first two parts are
denoted as "..." in the table below.
Table 3. Slot naming schemes
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Format │ Description │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ prefix [Pdomain] sslot [ffunction] [nport_name | ddev_port] │ PCI slot number │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ prefix vslot │ VIO slot number (IBM │
│ │ PowerVM) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ prefix Xnumber │ VIF interface number │
│ │ (Xen) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ... bnumber │ Broadcom bus (BCMA) core │
│ │ number │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ... uport... [cconfig] [iinterface] │ USB port number chain │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ... vslot │ SR-VIO slot number │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ... rslot │ SR-IOV slot number │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
The PCI domain is only prepended when it is not 0. All
multi-function PCI devices will carry the ffunction number in
the device name, including the function 0 device. For
non-multi-function devices, the number is suppressed if 0.
The port name port_name is used, or the port number ddev_port
if the name is not known.
For BCMA devices, the core number is suppressed when 0.
For USB devices the full chain of port numbers of hubs is
composed. If the name gets longer than the maximum number of
15 characters, the name is not exported. The usual USB
configuration number 1 and interface number 0 values are
suppressed.
SR-IOV virtual devices are named based on the name of the
parent interface, with a suffix of v and the virtual device
number, with any leading zeros removed. The bus number is
ignored.
SR-IOV virtual device representors are named based on the
name of the physical device interface, with a suffix of r and
the number of the virtual device that is linked to the
particular representor, with any leading zeros removed. The
physical port name and the bus number are ignored.
In some configurations a parent PCI bridge of a given network
controller may be associated with a slot. In such case we
don't generate this device property to avoid possible naming
conflicts.
Added in version 243.
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefixcbus_id,
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefixavendormodeliinstance,
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefixiaddressnport_name,
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefixuport...,
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefix[Pdomain]pbussslot[ffunction][nphys_port_name|ddev_port],
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefix[Pdomain]pbussslot[ffunction][nphys_port_name|ddev_port]bnumber,
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefix[Pdomain]pbussslot[ffunction][nphys_port_name|ddev_port]uport...[cconfig][iinterface]
This property describes the device installation location.
Different schemes are used depending on the bus type, as
described in the table below. For BCMA and USB devices, PCI
path information must known, and the full name consists of
the prefix, PCI slot identifier, and USB or BCMA location.
The first two parts are denoted as "..." in the table below.
Table 4. Path naming schemes
┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Format │ Description │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ prefix cbus_id │ CCW or grouped CCW │
│ │ device identifier │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ prefix avendor model iinstance │ ACPI path names for │
│ │ ARM64 platform devices │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ prefix iaddress nport_name │ Netdevsim (simulated │
│ │ networking device) │
│ │ device number and port │
│ │ name │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ prefix [Pdomain] pbus sslot [ffunction] [nphys_port_name | ddev_port] │ PCI geographical │
│ │ location │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ... bnumber │ Broadcom bus (BCMA) core │
│ │ number │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ... uport... [cconfig] [iinterface] │ USB port number chain │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
CCW and grouped CCW devices are found in IBM System Z
mainframes. Any leading zeros and dots are suppressed.
For PCI, BCMA, and USB devices, the same rules as described
above for slot naming are used.
Added in version 243.
The following "naming schemes" have been defined (which may be
chosen at system boot-up time via the net.naming_scheme= kernel
command line switch, see above):
v238
This is the naming scheme that was implemented in systemd
238.
Added in version 243.
v239
Naming was changed for virtual network interfaces created
with SR-IOV and NPAR and for devices where the PCI network
controller device does not have a slot number associated.
SR-IOV virtual devices are named based on the name of the
parent interface, with a suffix of "vport", where port is the
virtual device number. Previously those virtual devices were
named as if completely independent.
The ninth and later NPAR virtual devices are named following
the scheme used for the first eight NPAR partitions.
Previously those devices were not renamed and the kernel
default ("ethN") was used.
Names are also generated for PCI devices where the PCI
network controller device does not have an associated slot
number itself, but one of its parents does. Previously those
devices were not renamed and the kernel default was used.
Added in version 243.
v240
The "ib" prefix and stable names for infiniband devices are
introduced. Previously those devices were not renamed.
The ACPI index field (used in ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=) is now
also used when 0.
A new naming policy NamePolicy=keep was introduced. With this
policy, if the network device name was already set by
userspace, the device will not be renamed again. Previously,
this naming policy applied implicitly, and now it must be
explicitly requested. Effectively, this means that network
devices will be renamed according to the configuration, even
if they have been renamed already, if keep is not specified
as the naming policy in the .link file. See systemd.link(5)
for a description of NamePolicy=.
Added in version 243.
v241
MACAddressPolicy=persistent was extended to set MAC addresses
based on the device name. Previously addresses were only
based on the ID_NET_NAME_* attributes, which meant that
interface names would never be generated for virtual devices.
Now a persistent address will be generated for most devices,
including in particular bridges.
Note: when userspace does not set a MAC address for a bridge
device, the kernel will initially assign a random address,
and then change it when the first device is enslaved to the
bridge. With this naming policy change, bridges get a
persistent MAC address based on the bridge name instead of
the first enslaved device.
Added in version 243.
v243
Support for renaming netdevsim (simulated networking) devices
was added. Previously those devices were not renamed.
Previously two-letter interface type prefix was prepended to
ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=. This is not done anymore.
Added in version 243.
v245
When systemd-nspawn(1) derives the name for the host side of
the network interface created with --network-veth from the
container name it previously simply truncated the result at
15 characters if longer (since that's the maximum length for
network interface names). From now on, for any interface name
that would be longer than 15 characters the last 4 characters
are set to a 24bit hash value of the full interface name.
This way network interface name collisions between multiple
similarly named containers (who only differ in container name
suffix) should be less likely (but still possible, since the
24bit hash value is very small).
Added in version 245.
v247
When a PCI slot is associated with a PCI bridge that has
multiple child network controllers, the same value of the
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT property might be derived for those
controllers. This would cause a naming conflict if the
property is selected as the device name. Now, we detect this
situation and don't produce the ID_NET_NAME_SLOT property.
Added in version 247.
v249
PCI hotplug slot names for the s390 PCI driver are a
hexadecimal representation of the function_id device
attribute. This attribute is now used to build the
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT. Before that, all slot names were parsed as
decimal numbers, which could either result in an incorrect
value of the ID_NET_NAME_SLOT property or none at all.
Some firmware and hypervisor implementations report
unreasonably high numbers for the on-board index. To prevent
the generation of bogus on-board interface names, index
numbers greater than 16381 (2¹⁴-1) were ignored. For s390 PCI
devices index values up to 65535 (2¹⁶-1) are valid. To
account for that, the limit was increased to 65535.
The udev rule NAME= replaces ":", "/", and "%" with an
underscore ("_"), and refuses strings which contain only
numerics.
Added in version 249.
v250
Added naming scheme for Xen netfront "vif" interfaces based
on the guest side VIF number set from the Xen config (or the
interface index in AWS EC2).
Added in version 250.
v251
Since version v247 we no longer set ID_NET_NAME_SLOT if we
detect that a PCI device associated with a slot is a PCI
bridge as that would create naming conflict when there are
more child devices on that bridge. Now, this is relaxed and
we will use slot information to generate the name based on it
but only if the PCI device has multiple functions. This is
safe because distinct function number is a part of the device
name for multifunction devices.
Added in version 251.
v252
Added naming scheme for platform devices with devicetree
aliases.
Added in version 252.
v253
Set ID_NET_NAME_PATH for usb devices not connected via a PCI
bus.
Added in version 253.
v254
Naming was changed for SR-IOV virtual device representors,
optionally settable at compilation time. The "rslot" suffix
was added to differentiate SR-IOV virtual device representors
attached to a single physical device interface. Because of a
mistake, this scheme was not the default scheme for systemd
version 254.
Added in version 255.
v255
Naming was changed for SR-IOV virtual device representors to
enable the change introduced in v254 by default.
Added in version 255.
Note that latest may be used to denote the latest scheme known
(to this particular version of systemd).
When creating names for network cards, some naming schemes use
data from sysfs populated by the kernel. This means that although
a specific naming scheme in udev is picked, the network card's
name can still change when a new kernel version adds a new sysfs
attribute. For example if kernel starts setting the
phys_port_name, udev will append the "nphys_port_name" suffix to
the device name.
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW=BOOL
This udev property sets a fallback policy for reading a sysfs
attribute. If set to 0 udev will not read any sysfs attribute
by default, unless it is explicitly allowlisted, see below.
If set to 1 udev can use any sysfs attribute unless it is
explicitly forbidden. The default value is 1.
Added in version 256.
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_sysfsattr=BOOL
This udev property explicitly states if udev shall use the
specified sysfsattr, when composing the device name.
Added in version 256.
With these options, users can set an allowlist or denylist for
sysfs attributes. To create an allowlist, the user needs to set
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW=0 for the device and then list the allowed
attributes with the ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_sysfsattr=1 options. In
case of a denylist, the user needs to provide the list of denied
attributes with the ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_sysfsattr=0 options.
Example 1. Using udevadm test-builtin to display device
properties
$ udevadm test-builtin net_id /sys/class/net/enp0s31f6
...
Using default interface naming scheme 'v243'.
ID_NET_NAMING_SCHEME=v243
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx54ee75cb1dc0
ID_OUI_FROM_DATABASE=Wistron InfoComm(Kunshan)Co.,Ltd.
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp0s31f6
...
Example 2. PCI Ethernet card with firmware index "1"
ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=eno1
ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD_LABEL=Ethernet Port 1
Example 3. PCI Ethernet card in hotplug slot with firmware index
number
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:05:00.0/net/ens1
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx000000000466
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp5s0
ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=ens1
Example 4. PCI Ethernet multi-function card with 2 ports
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:02:00.0/net/enp2s0f0
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx78e7d1ea46da
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp2s0f0
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:02:00.1/net/enp2s0f1
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx78e7d1ea46dc
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp2s0f1
Example 5. PCI WLAN card
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:03:00.0/net/wlp3s0
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=wlx0024d7e31130
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=wlp3s0
Example 6. PCI IB host adapter with 2 ports
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:15:00.0/net/ibp21s0f0
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=ibp21s0f0
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:15:00.1/net/ibp21s0f1
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=ibp21s0f1
Example 7. USB built-in 3G modem
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.6/net/wwp0s29u1u4i6
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=wwx028037ec0200
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=wwp0s29u1u4i6
Example 8. USB Android phone
# /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.0/net/enp0s29u1u2
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enxd626b3450fb5
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp0s29u1u2
Example 9. s390 grouped CCW interface
# /sys/devices/css0/0.0.0007/0.0.f5f0/group_device/net/encf5f0
ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx026d3c00000a
ID_NET_NAME_PATH=encf5f0
Example 10. Set an allowlist for reading sysfs attributes for
network card naming
/etc/udev/hwdb.d/50-net-naming-allowlist.hwdb
net:naming:drvirtio_net:*
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW=0
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_ACPI_INDEX=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_ADDR_ASSIGN_TYPE=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_ADDRESS=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_ARI_ENABLED=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_DEV_PORT=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_FUNCTION_ID=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_IFLINK=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_INDEX=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_LABEL=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_PHYS_PORT_NAME=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_TYPE=1
Example 11. Set a denylist so that specified sysfs attribute are
ignored
/etc/udev/hwdb.d/50-net-naming-denylist.hwdb
net:naming:drvirtio_net:*
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW=1
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_DEV_PORT=0
ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_PHYS_PORT_NAME=0
udev(7), udevadm(8), Predictable Network Interface Names[1],
systemd-nspawn(1)
1. Predictable Network Interface Names
https://systemd.io/PREDICTABLE_INTERFACE_NAMES
This page is part of the systemd (systemd system and service
manager) project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd⟩. If you have
a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/#bugreports⟩.
This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git⟩ on 2024-06-14. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2024-06-13.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
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corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
systemd 257~devel SYSTEMD....NG-SCHEME(7)
Pages that refer to this page: systemd-nspawn(1), systemd.link(5), systemd.directives(7), systemd.index(7), systemd-udevd.service(8)
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