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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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JOIN(1) User Commands JOIN(1)
join - join lines of two files on a common field
join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a
line to standard output. The default join field is the first,
delimited by blanks.
When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM
also print unpairable lines from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e STRING
replace missing (empty) input fields with STRING; I.e.,
missing fields specified with '-12jo' options
-i, --ignore-case
ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD
equivalent to '-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT
obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR
use CHAR as input and output field separator
-v FILENUM
like -a FILENUM, but suppress joined output lines
-1 FIELD
join on this FIELD of file 1
-2 FIELD
join on this FIELD of file 2
--check-order
check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all
input lines are pairable
--nocheck-order
do not check that the input is correctly sorted
--header
treat the first line in each file as field headers, print
them without trying to pair them
-z, --zero-terminated
line delimiter is NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Unless -t CHAR is given, leading blanks separate fields and are
ignored, else fields are separated by CHAR. Any FIELD is a field
number counted from 1. FORMAT is one or more comma or blank
separated specifications, each being 'FILENUM.FIELD' or '0'.
Default FORMAT outputs the join field, the remaining fields from
FILE1, the remaining fields from FILE2, all separated by CHAR.
If FORMAT is the keyword 'auto', then the first line of each file
determines the number of fields output for each line.
Important: FILE1 and FILE2 must be sorted on the join fields.
E.g., use "sort -k 1b,1" if 'join' has no options, or use "join
-t ''" if 'sort' has no options. Comparisons honor the rules
specified by 'LC_COLLATE'. If the input is not sorted and some
lines cannot be joined, a warning message will be given.
Written by Mike Haertel.
GNU coreutils online help:
<https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to
<https://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+:
GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute
it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
comm(1), uniq(1)
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/join>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) join invocation'
This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
manipulation utilities) project. Information about the project
can be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. If you
have a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. This page was obtained
from the tarball coreutils-9.5.tar.xz fetched from
⟨http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/⟩ on 2024-06-14. If you
discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for
the page, or you have corrections or improvements to the
information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
GNU coreutils 9.5 March 2024 JOIN(1)
Pages that refer to this page: comm(1), uniq(1)
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HTML rendering created 2024-06-26 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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